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Briggs embarked on a project of reading biographies, and subsequently developed a typology wherein she proposed four temperaments: meditative (or thoughtful), spontaneous, executive, and social. Upon meeting her future son-in-law, she observed marked differences between his personality and that of other family members. History Katharine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers extrapolated their MBTI theory from Carl Jung's writings in his 1921 book Psychological Types.īriggs began her research into personality in 1917. However, she felt the book was too complex for the general public, and therefore she tried to organize the Jungian cognitive functions to make it more accessible. Isabel Myers was particularly fascinated by the concept of introversion and she typed herself as an "INFP". The MBTI was constructed by two Americans: Katharine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers, who were inspired by the book Psychological Types by Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung. Despite this, the test has been widely used in employment and educational placement.
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Most of the research supporting the MBTI's validity has been produced by the Center for Applications of Psychological Type, an organization run by the Myers–Briggs Foundation, and published in the center's own journal, the Journal of Psychological Type (JPT), raising questions of independence, bias, and conflict of interest.
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As a psychometric indicator, the test exhibits significant deficiencies, including poor validity, poor reliability, measuring 'dichotomous' categories that are not actually independent, and not being comprehensive. The test relies on the Barnum effect, flattery, and confirmation bias, leading participants to personally identify with descriptions that are somewhat desirable, vague, and widely applicable. One letter from each category is taken to produce a four-letter test result representing one of sixteen possible personalities, such as "INFP" or "ESTJ". The test attempts to assign a binary value to each of four categories: introversion or extraversion, sensing or intuition, thinking or feeling, and judging or perceiving. The Myers–Briggs Type Indicator ( MBTI) is a pseudoscientific self-report questionnaire that claims to indicate differing personality types. A chart with descriptions of each Myers–Briggs personality type and the four dichotomies central to the theory These are Myers–Briggs personality types but are also used in Socionics and the Keirsey Temperament Sorter. Butcher also consults and testifies as an expert witness in trials involving the MMPI.Several terms (e.g., ENTP, INTP and ISFJ) redirect here. Recent books include the Oxford Handbook of Personality (2009), Practitioner's Guide to the MMPI–2 (2006), Use of the MMPI–2 in Court (3rd ed., with Ken Pope and Joyce Seelen, 2006), and Abnormal Psychology in Modern Life (14th ed., with Susan Mineka and Jill Hooley, 2010).ĭr. He founded both the annual Symposium on Recent Developments in the Use of the MMPI and the International Conference on Personality Assessment. He was selected by the University of Minnesota Press to serve on the committee to revise and restandardize the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Butcher, PhD, earned his bachelor's degree in psychology at Guilford College in Greensboro, North Carolina, and both his master's degree in experimental psychology and his doctorate in clinical psychology from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.Ĭurrently a professor emeritus in psychology at the University of Minnesota and former editor of the APA's journal Psychological Assessment, he was awarded Doctor Honoris Causa by the Free University of Brussels, Belgium, and received an honorary doctorate from the University of Florence in Italy for his cross-cultural research. This user-friendly but comprehensive primer is essential reading for nonpsychologist professionals who need a quick overview of the test, as well as for students of clinical and personality assessment who seek a reliable introductory text. Several updates have been made since the previous edition of this popular book, including new interpretive information on the MMPI–2, new areas for application of the MMPI–2, and-most importantly-a new chapter on the MMPI–2 Restructured Form (MMPI–2–RF), a separate short instrument that beginners may confuse with the MMPI–2. Guidance is provided for administering and interpreting the results, with case studies to illustrate major concepts. Butcher, one of the authors of the MMPI–2, explains how the instrument was developed to describe and predict behavior in a range of applied settings. In clear, accessible language, this book introduces readers to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 (MMPI–2), the most widely researched and broadly used personality assessment instrument.